![]() In 1997, an IBM supercomputer beat Garry Kasparov, the then world chess champion, in the famous Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov match, ushering the game into an era of computer domination. The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation. In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first official World Chess Championship was held in 1886. The Romantic era of play was followed by the Scientific, Hypermodern, and New Dynamism eras. Chess games of this period emphasized quick, tactical maneuvers rather than long-term strategic planning. ![]() " Romantic chess" was the predominant playing style from the late 18th century to the 1880s. The game evolved roughly into its current form by about 1500 CE. Following the Arab invasion and conquest of Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to southern Europe. The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1500 years to its earliest known predecessor, called chaturanga, in India its prehistory is the subject of speculation. The 12th-century Lewis chessmen in the collection of the National Museum of Scotland.
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